要素贡献与我国初次分配中的劳动报酬占比

Factor Contribution and Labor Share in China's Primary Distribution

根据新古典分配理论,劳动的价格由其边际产出决定,劳动所得比重取决于其边际产出和投入数量,这不仅是生产达到最优经济效果的必要条件,也是我们评价劳动报酬占比是否合理的标准。从生产函数的估计结果看,我国实际的劳动报酬占比低于劳动对产出的贡献。进一步的研究发现,资本深化虽然有助于提高劳动的边际产出,但是由于较低的利率扩大了资本的使用规模,这使得资本深化对我国的劳动报酬占比产生了显著的负效应。此外,劳资力量对比、经济波动对劳动报酬具有显著的影响,导致了我国实际劳动报酬占比偏离了劳动对产出的贡献。

According to neoclassic income distribution theory, labor prices are determined by their marginal output and labor share depends on marginal output and input, which are not only the necessary conditions of optimal economic results but also the evaluation criteria of the rationality of labor share. The empirical results of production function show that the actual labor share in China is less than labor contribution to output. Further research finds that, although capital deepening is beneficial to the increase in marginal output of labor, it has significantly negative effect on labor income share in China owing to the expansion of capital usage scale based on lower interest rates. In addition, the ratio of labor to capital and economic fluctuations have obvious effects on labor returns, leading to labor share＇s deviation from labor contribution to output.