多电极电渣重熔系统电磁场和焦耳热场研究

An analysis of electromagnetic field and Joule heating of electroslag remelting processes with multilelectrodes

多电极电渣重熔系统比单电极系统具有感抗小、电耗低、熔化率高等特点,目前广泛应用于生产大型钢锭.掌握多电极电渣重熔系统中电磁场的分布情况对于提高钢锭质量和节省电能都很重要.本文以多电极电渣重熔工艺中电极、渣池和钢锭为研究对象,建立了能够考虑集肤效应的三维谐波电磁场数学模型,采用Maxwell方程、Lorentz定律和Joule定律分析了渣、钢锭和电极的磁场、电磁力、电流密度和焦耳热功率密度分布.结果表明:电流的最大值出现在电极内侧,与渣池的交界面处;由于电极的自感和互感的相互作用,两对电极内侧的磁感应强度增大,外侧的磁感应强度减小;焦耳热的最大值出现在渣中,电极底部内侧与渣的交界处.参数研究还发现:当源电流增大时,在电极内靠近壁面处的电流呈线性增大;当频率大于等于35 Hz时,在电极内部电流密度趋向线性分布;当电极侵入深度增大或渣层的厚度减小时,渣池中焦耳热的最大值增大.

Comparing with the single electrode in electroslag remelting processes, two series - connected electrodes have the advantage of small inductive, low power consumption and high efficiency, which was widely used to produce superalloys and specialty steels. Detailed understanding of the electromagnetic field distribution is essential for both improving ingot quality and saving electric energy. In the present work, a 3D finite element model was developed for the magnetic field, electromagnetic force, current density and Joule heating field of electroslag remelting processes （ electrode, slag and ingot） with two series - connected electrodes using Maxwell equation, Lorentz law and Joule law. Especially, the skin effect is shown and discussed based on numerical results. The results show that the maximum current distribute occur at the middle of electrode and slag; due to the interaction of self - induced and mutual - induced of two series - connected electrode, associated magnetic flux density on the inner side of electrode increase, and the outer decrease; The maximum joule heating is at the interface of slag and electrode. The parameter study shows that if the current frequency is greater than 35Hz, the current density in inner electrode tend to linear distribution; with the increasing of original current, The maximum current density near the wall in electrode will increase linearly; with the increasing of electrode immersion depth and decrease of slag cap thickness and the maximum of the joule heat in slag will increase.