马丁·怀特与国际关系理论三大思想传统——兼论对构建中国国际关系理论的启示

Martin Wight,the Three Traditions of International Theory and Its Implications for the Construction of Chinese IR Theory

作者详细阐述了英国著名国际关系理论家马丁·怀特提出的国际关系理论三大思想传统的精神风貌、哲理内涵及其对构建中国国际关系理论的启示。怀特界定的思想传统本质上是一种"分析传统"而不是"历史传统",这不仅体现在怀特构建其三大传统的根本目的上,而且体现在怀特对"传统"本身的理解上。怀特用以划分其三大传统的首要标准是国际政治的"国内类比",而怀特构建的理想主义思想传统的主要特点就在于根本上否定了"国内类比"的适用性。怀特构建的三大传统不仅对国际关系思想史的研究具有重要价值,也集中体现了国际关系理论研究之经典方法的重要特征,这些特征对现代国际关系理论研究同样具有重要意义。怀特构建的三大传统的价值不仅在于为"英国学派"国际社会理论的发展奠定了基础,而且在于其理论及方法论取向对构建中国国际关系理论具有很大的启发性,而这点正是我们研究怀特思想的现实意义。

This article purports to analyze in detail the intellectual contents,philosophical connotations as well as theoretical implications of the three traditions of international theory constructed by Martin Wight.The author contends that,the tradition per se proposed by Wight is the analytical rather than the historical one,and this was demonstrated typically through Wight's declared aims for his construction as well as through his personal understanding of the essence of intellectual traditions.The author argues,the prior standard used implicitly by Wight to distinguish the three traditions is,as Hedley Bull once suggested,the domestic analogy of international politics,and the primary characteristic of the rationalist tradition proposed by Wight is to deny the applicability of this analogy which based on the Hobbesian doctrine of the state of nature.This article emphatically points out that,the three traditions of international theory constructed by Wight vividly embodied the most important characteristics of the classical approach in the study of international theory,and this approach has as yet enjoyed invaluable significance for the construction of modern international theory.In the final section,the author discusses specifically the theoretical implications of Wight's methodological approaches for the construction of contemporary Chinese international theory.