不同土壤对陆稻根系生长发育的研究

A Study on Growth and Development of Upland Rice Root System in Various Soils

采用自创的“三维坐标容器法”，研究了潮砂土、红壤土、水稻土对陆稻根系生长发育的影响。结果表明：（１） 不论何种土壤类型，根系分布一般在６０ ｃｍ 左右，根系体积、总表面积、活跃表面积、根长、根重、根密度均随根系入土深度的增加而减少，但根长、根重、根密度在２５ ～３０ ｃｍ 间略有回升；比根长随根系入土深度的增加而增加；活跃表面积／ 总表面积随根入土深度的增加有起有伏，但起伏不大，总体维持在同一水平。（２） 不同土壤类型间，根系的垂直分布有差异，０ ～３０ ｃｍ 间的根体积、根重、根密度的分布大小顺序为潮砂土＞ 红壤土＞ 水稻土，比根长为水稻土＞ 红壤土＞ 潮砂土；０ ～６０ ｃｍ 间的根体积分布大小顺序为潮砂土＞ 红壤土＞ 水稻土，比根长为红壤土＞ 水稻土＞ 潮砂土，其他五项均为红壤土＞ 潮砂土＞ 水稻土。（３） 综合考虑各根系参数指标可知，根系在红壤土中生长发育最好，广而深且多；水稻土中最差，窄而少；潮砂土中居中。

The growth and development of upland rice root system were studied by three-dimensional coordinate container method. The results were as follows:1.Regardless of the types of soils, the depth of root system distribution was generally about 0.6m; root volume, total area of root surface, active area of root surface, root length, root weight and root density decreased gradually with soil vertical depth, but root length, root weight and root density increased lightly with soil vertical depth; Active/total area of root surface fluctuated lightly with soil vertical depth; Root length/root weight increased gradually with soil vertical depth.2.The vertical distribution of upland rice roots were different in various soils: Between 0cm and 30cm,the distribution of root volume, root length, root weight and root density were damp sand soil>red clay soil>paddy soil; the distribution of total area of root surface, active area/total area of root surface were red clay soil>damp sandy soil>paddy soil; The distribution of root length/weight was paddy soil>area clay soil>damp sandy soil. Between 0cm and 60cm, the distribution of root volume was damp sandy soil>red clay soil>paddy soil>clamp sandy soil; The distribution of five root parameters were red clay soil>damp sandy soil>paddy soil.3.Giving overall consideration to all root parameters, we found out that the growth and development of upland rice root system was the best (width, depth and excession) in red clay soil,the next was in damp sandy soil, the worst was in paddy soil.