两种猎物对南方小花蝽种群增长的影响及其对二斑叶螨的控害潜能

Comparison of the effect of two prey species on the population growth of Orius similis Zheng and the implications for the control of Tetranychus urticae Koch

南方小花蝽(半翅目:花蝽科)是农田害虫的重要天敌之一。在室内,分别用米蛾卵和二斑叶螨饲养南方小花蝽,采用生命表与功能反应方法,探讨了两种猎物(米蛾卵、二斑叶螨)对南方小花蝽种群增长的影响、评价了南方小花蝽应用前景。南方小花蝽取食米蛾卵的年龄特征生命表的参数如下:世代平均历期T=24.3500d,雌性比率P♀=0.5250,单雌平均产卵量FPF=37.2857头,种群趋势指数(I)=9.2118,周限增长率λ=1.0955,内禀增长率rm=0.0912。取食二斑叶螨的南方小花蝽能完成发育,雌雄可交配,但不能产卵。一龄若虫的存活率为81.19%,低于其它龄期的若虫存活率(89.5%以上)。从初孵若虫至成虫死亡,平均历期为19.3716d。取食米蛾卵的南方小花蝽成虫存活率为83.33%,而取食二斑叶螨的成虫存活率为59.68%;取食米蛾卵的南方小花蝽若虫平均历期(11.0633d)短于取食二斑叶螨的(13.8950d);然而取食米蛾卵的南方小花蝽成虫平均历期(9.9750d)明显长于取食二斑叶螨的(5.7297d)。表明米蛾卵能够满足南方小花蝽生长发育的营养需求,可以用来室内饲养南方小花蝽,二斑叶螨室内不能单独用于饲养南方小花蝽。南方小花蝽成虫对二斑叶螨成螨捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ模型,且处置时间Th=0.0108,瞬间攻击率a=0.8253,日最大捕食量Nam ax=92.59 d-1。南方小花蝽是二斑叶螨潜在的生物防治资材。

The predatory flower bug Orius similis Zheng（Hemiptera： Anthocoridae） is an important natural enemy of agricultural pests.In this study,O.similis was reared on eggs of the rice moth,Corcyra cephalonica Stainton,and the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch.Through analysis of life tables and the functional response of the predator,the effect of two prey species on the population growth of O.similis was determined in the laboratory.The stage-specific life table parameters of O.similis when feeding on eggs of C.cephalonica were： average generation time（T） of 24.3500 d;sex ratio（P♀） of 52.50%;average fecundity（F PF） of 37.2857;index of population trend（I） of 9.2118;finite rate of increase（λ） of 1.0955 and intrinsic rate of increase（rm） of 0.0912.In contrast,when feeding on T.urticae,O.similis completed its development and mated,but females did not produce any eggs.Survival rate of O.similis first instar nymphs when feeding on T.urticae was 81.19%,which was much lower than other instars（all greater than 89.5%）.The average time from egg hatching to death of the adult was 19.3716 d.Comparing the effects of the consumption of these two prey species on O.similis stage duration,Adult survival of O.similis was 83.33% when feeding on eggs of C.cephalonica and 59.68% when feeding on T.urticae.average development time of O.similis nymphs consuming eggs of C.cephalonica（11.0633 d） was shorter than those consuming T.urticae（13.8950 d）.The average adult longevity of O.similis consuming eggs of C.cephalonica（9.9750 d） was significantly longer than those consuming T.urticae（5.7297 d）.These results show that eggs of C.cephalonica meet the nutritional requirements of O.similis,and that this prey species can be used to rear O.similis in the laboratory.O.similis could not successfully reproduce when consuming only T.urticae and so this species cannot be used to rear O.similis.Our results have implications for the feasibility of mass rearing O.similis in an indoor environment.The functional response of O.similis adults that were feeding on T.urticae adults could be explained as a Holling Type II response,with a handling time（Th） of 0.0108 min,rate of instantaneous attack（a） of 0.8253 and maximum daily predation（Namax） of 92.59 d-1.Based on these results and those from other studies,it is suggested that T.urticae could be controlled by O.similis with an appropriate method.