高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺的合成及其电化学性能

Preparation of Perchloric Acid-doped Polyaniline and Its Electrochemical Performance

通过化学氧化聚合法合成了高氯酸掺杂的聚苯胺(PAn-HClO4).借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱对其形貌和结构进行了表征,采用热分析仪研究了PAn-HClO4的热稳定性,对聚苯胺粉末构成的电极进行循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试.结果表明,制备的PAn-HClO4呈纳米棒状,其直径在80～108nm之间;与本征态比较,掺杂后聚苯胺红外光谱主要特征吸收峰向低波数方向移动且热稳定性有所降低;在电流密度为1A/g时,PAn-HClO4电极在1mol/L Na2SO4电解液中的比电容达270F/g,较盐酸掺杂聚苯胺电极高,可作为电化学电容器的电极活性材料.

The polyaniline doped by perchloric acid （PAn-HClO4） was prepared by means of the chemical oxidation polymerization. The structure and thermal stability were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR spectra and thermogravimetric analyzer. The electrode, made of PAn-HClO4 powders which were like nanorods with 80 nm to 108 nm in diameter, was examined by the cyclic voltammetry and the galvanostatic charge/discharge tests to determine its electrochemical performance. Compared with the intrinsic polyaniline, the main char- acteristic absorption peaks of PAn-HClO4 moved towards lower wavenumbers, and its thermal stability reduced to some extent. When the current was 1 A/g, the specific capacitance of PAn-HClO4 electrode in 1 mol/L Na2SO4 solution was 270 F/g, which was higher than PAn-HCl electrode. The PAn-HClO4 may be chosen as active materials in electrochemical capacitor.