海口市交通噪声调查及对居民影响特征分析

Traffic noise investigation and risk factor analysis in Haikou

目的:了解海口市城市交通噪声污染状况、区域分布及与车流量的关系。了解海口市内交通噪声对居民影响特征,探讨该市交通噪声污染控制措施。方法:代表性选择海口市四个交通干道作为监测点,分别测定3个上下班的高峰时段的噪声声级(早晨、中午、晚上)和1个低峰时段(晚22点),对小时车流量进行监测,SPSS12.0进行数据统计,作出评价。结果:海口市交通主干道汽车白天噪声声级(Ld)均值为(70.72±4.37)dB,存在较明显的区域差异。从小到大依次为:迎宾路、沿江路、秀英路、海府路,海府路超标最严重,夜间更甚,Ln为(67.39±3.84)dB。人群对噪声的主观反应分别为:不烦11.8%,有点烦56.2%,烦恼23.4%,非常烦8.6%。噪声的水平与车流量呈的正相关,但不存在线性关系。非条件logistic分析表明:性别、主室朝向的声源种类、噪声能量级别以及自身健康状况是对人群影响程度的相关因素。结论:海口市交通噪声超标明显,且存在明显区域差异,噪声的水平与车流量相关明显。交通噪声对人的影响尚与道路绿化、路面状况及隔声装置等有关,需针对噪声污染严重的地段进行管理和控制。

Objective：To investigate the relationship among status of traffic noise pollution,regional distribution,and vehicle flow in Haikou,and the effect on residents,and to explore the controlling measure.Methods：Four main traffic roads were selected as monitoring sites.Noise grade were measured during the three peak periods and one low peak period in a day,and the vehicle flow was monitored by hour.All data were analyzed by spss12.0.Results：The average noise grade in day（Ld） was（70.72±4.37） dB,with significant regional difference.The Ld was the highest in Haifu Rd,followed by Xiuying Rd,Yanjiang Rd and Yingbin Rd.It was much higher in night[（67.39±3.84） dB].8.6% correspondences regarded the noise as very unbearable,23.4% as annoying,56.2% as little annoying and 11.8% as no annoying.Noise levels were positive related to vehicle flow without linear relation.Logistic analysis indicated that sex,noise source,noise grade and health condition are relevant factors.Conclusions：Traffic noise is significantly higher than the standard level with significant regional difference.The noise grade is also associated with vehicle flow.Besides,the impact of noise is also related with greening status,road condition,sound arrester and so on.It is necessary to manage and control noise in the roads.