凝固与嬗变:中西方“义利观”演变路径比较分析

Solidification and Evolution: Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Paths of Utilitarianism in China and Western Countries

中西方"义利观"的起点基本相同:即都是"重义轻利"、"整体利益高于个体利益"。在演进过程中,西方发生了文艺复兴,使"整体主义"转变为"个体主义"、使"重义轻利"转变为"重利"和斯密的"义利统一"。在中国,由于一直没有发生过像西方的文艺复兴,中国的"整体主义"一直延续至今,官本论一直压抑着人性论,"重义轻利"一直是主流意识,直到新时期邓小平的"义利观"才打破了这种约束,出现了"义利皆重"的统一观点,使义利关系在动态上达到了统一;与此同时,中国传统的"整体主义"也向"集体主义与个体主义"相结合转化。

The starting point of utilitarianism in China and western countries is basically the same, which both put justice high than benefit, and general benefit higher than individual benefit. During the evolutions renaissance in western countries transformed generalism into individualism, stressed benefit and unified justice and benefit by Smith. However, renaissance never occurred in China and generalism has been used until today, with a mainstream of putting justice higher than benefit. This has been broken by Deng Xiaoping ＇s view of justice and benefit which includes justice and benefit both important. In the meantime, traditional generalism turned to a combination of collectivism and individualism.