壳聚糖微球的制备及其在生物医药领域的应用

The Preparation of Chitosan Microspheres and Application in Biology and Medicine

壳聚糖是唯一天然碱性氨基多糖,它具有良好的生物相容性、低毒性和生物可降解性,是制备微球的良好材料。本文综述了近年来国内外壳聚糖微球的制备方法,如喷雾干燥法、乳化交联法、逐层自组装法、界面聚合法、溶剂蒸发法以及离子凝胶法,分析了不同制备方法的优点及不足。壳聚糖微球不仅可作为固定化酶或细胞的载体,而且是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型药物载体,本文还对壳聚糖微球在固定化酶或细胞和包埋药物领域的应用进行了概述。

Chitosan is the only natural occurring basic polysaccharide containing amino groups, which shows favorable biocompatibility, low-toxicity, biological degradability, and is suitable for preparing microspheres. In this paper, the preparation methods of chitosan microspheres are reviewed, which include spray drying, emulsion crosslinking, layer-by-layer self-assembly, interfacial polymerization, solvent evaporation and ionotropic gelation method. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are discussed. Chitosan microspheres can immobilized enzyme or cells, and has wide prospect in application for carrier drugs. The application of chitosan microspheres in immobilized enzyme or cells and embedding drugs is also reviewed.