不同花生品种对干旱胁迫的响应

Response of different peanut varieties to drought stress

为明确花生抗旱适应性机理,筛选抗旱品种(系),在人工控水条件下,以北方花生产区推广种植的29个花生品种(系)为试验材料,对中度土壤水分胁迫下花生植株生长发育状况和光合色素含量等指标进行了研究。结果表明,不同花生品种(系)对土壤水分胁迫程度和胁迫时间的响应不同,水分胁迫程度和时间显著影响花生的植株形态、生物量积累和生理指标,且表现出明显的种间差异。中度土壤水分胁迫明显抑制花生植株地上部生长,主茎高、地上部生物量显著降低,且随胁迫时间延长主茎高度降低明显;至成熟期,一些品种(系)主茎高和生物量累积胁迫指数降幅达65%～70%。土壤水分胁迫使花生结荚期和饱果期根/冠比、光合色素含量和比叶面积增大,随胁迫时间延长上升趋势明显;结荚期的各指标除分枝数和类胡萝卜素外均可作为鉴定品种(系)抗旱性的依据。"冀花4号"、"花育22号"、"花育24号"、"花育20号"、"花育21号"、"花育25号"、"唐科8号"、"花育17号"、"花育27号"等9个品种具有较强的抗旱性。

A total of 29 peanut varieties（lines） were planted in North China under artificially controlled moderate soil water stress conditions.Peanut growth rate and content of photosynthetic pigments were investigated to analyze drought resistance mechanisms and screen drought resistant genotypes.The results showed that different peanut varieties（lines） responded differently to the degree and time of soil water stress.Both the degree and time of water stress significantly influenced the morphological,physiological and biomass characteristics of peanut.Under moderate soil water stress,shoot growth in peanut was obviously inhibited.Main stem height and shoot biomass dropped significantly under moderate soil water stress.With prolonged stress period,main stem height decreased significantly.At maturity,stress index of main stem height and biomass of some peanut varieties（lines） dropped by 65%～70%.Root-to-shoot ratio,photosynthetic pigment content and specific leaf area increased under soil water stress at pod-producing and plump-pod stages.This trend also significantly increased with prolonged stress period.With the exception of branch number and carotenoid content,all other indices were usable in the identification of drought resistance of peanut varieties（lines） at pod producing stage.High drought tolerant varieties（lines） of peanut included ＂Jihua 4＂,＂Huayu 22＂,＂Huayu 24＂,＂Huayu 20＂,＂Huayu 21＂,＂Huayu 25＂,＂Tangke 8＂,＂Huayu 17＂ and ＂Huayu 27＂.