福建铁观音茶园土壤中铅、镉、砷、铬、汞、铜、氟的环境质量现状分析

Evaluation on the environmental quality about lead,cadmium,arsenic,chromium,mercury,copper and fluorine in the soils of Tieguanyin tea plantation in Fujian Province

为了解福建省铁观音茶园土壤中主要污染元素的含量状况及其对茶叶生产的影响,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法研究了福建省铁观音茶主产地安溪、华安和永春县150个茶园土壤中铅、镉、砷、铬、汞、铜、氟的含量,并进行了环境质量现状评价。结果表明,所有土壤的镉、铅、氟含量,97%以上土壤的铬、砷、汞含量均低于茶叶产地环境技术条件(NY/T 853—2004)中相应的限量;92%以上土壤的镉、铬、砷、汞含量和70%以上土壤的铅含量低于有机茶产地环境条件(NY 5199—2002)中相应的限量。变质岩发育的土壤镉和氟含量较高,砂岩类发育的土壤铬含量较高,流纹质凝灰岩类发育的土壤铅含量较高,流纹岩类发育的土壤砷含量较高,闪长岩类发育的土壤汞和铜含量较高;水稻土改种的茶园土壤镉、铅和汞含量较高,铬和砷含量较低;赤红壤发育的土壤中铅含量较高,黄壤发育的土壤中铬和砷含量较高,红壤发育的土壤中铜含量较高。就所研究的元素而言,大部分供试茶园土壤是清洁和安全的。

To learn the main pollutant elements contents in soils and their potential effects on tea production,150 surface soil samples and the corresponding tea leaves collected from Tieguanyin tea plantations in Anxi,Hua＇an and Yongchun Counties of Fujian Province were investigated.The contents of Pb,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Cu and F in surface soils were analyzed for environmental quality.The results showed that contents of Cd,Pd and F in all soil samples,and contents of Cr,As,Hg in 97% soil samples were lower than the environmental requirement criteria NY/T 853-2004 for tea production.Contents of Cd,Cr,As,Hg in 92% soil samples,and content of Pb in 70% soil samples were lower than the environmental condition criteria NY 5199-2002 for organic tea production.The contents of Cd and F in soils from metamorphic rock,Cr in soils from sandstone,Pb in soils from rhyolitic tuff,As in soils from rhyolite,and Hg and Cu in soils form diorite were higher.The contents of Cd,Pb and Hg were higher in soils under paddy rice than those of Cr and As.There was high amount of Pb in lateritic red soils,high amounts of Cr and As in yellow soils,and high amount of Cu in red soils.It was therefore concluded that most soils of tea gardens in Fujian Province were clean from pollution and safe for tea production.