要素配置扭曲与农业全要素生产率

Misallocation and TFP in Rural China

要素市场扭曲会导致农户个体对资本、劳动等生产要素配置扭曲,最终降低农业的总量全要素生产率(TFP)。本文运用2003-2007年全国农村固定跟踪观察农户数据,实证分析了中国东、中、西部以及东北地区农户家庭生产的要素配置扭曲程度及其与总量TFP的关系,发现不同地区农户要素配置的扭曲存在显著的差异:从扭曲水平和发散程度来看,东部和西部地区的资源配置扭曲较为严重,中部、东北地区的配置效率较高。即使不考虑技术因素,如果有效消除资本和劳动配置的扭曲,农户的农业TFP有望再增长20%以上,其中东部和西部地区的改进空间超过30%。要素配置的扭曲程度主要取决于农村非农就业机会、金融市场和土地规模。促进社会转型是提高农业生产率的主要途径。

Factor markets＇ distortion could induce individual household＇ s misallocation of capital and labor and lowers the aggregate TFP in agriculture. Based on the household＇ s data from rural fixed point survey in 2003 - 07, we analyze the extent of factors＇ misallocation in east, middle, west and northeast district of China and its relationship with aggregate TFP. The results show great difference in different area. In the view of level and diffusion, the extent of resource misallocation is relatively high in the east and west of China, and low in the middle and northeast. If distortions in capital and labor could be effectively removed without consideration of technology, the total TFP could increase by more than 20% , among which the east and west district could increase by 30% . The extent of misallocation can be attributed to the nonfarm opportunities, financial market performance and the lands＇ scale. Promoting social transformation is the main way to improve agriculture outputs.