早产儿代谢性骨病

Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity

早产儿代谢性骨病是由于体内钙磷代谢紊乱等因素导致的骨矿物质含量的异常,临床表现为类似佝偻病的症状甚至骨折等。早产儿代谢性骨病的病因包括钙、磷、维生素D和相关蛋白摄入不足或代谢异常等。早产是代谢性骨病的最重要的危险因素,代谢性骨病的风险与胎龄及出生体质量均呈负相关。其诊断主要依靠临床表现、影像学表现、生化指标以及骨密度测定。通过合理的营养支持、适度锻炼等可以预防和治疗代谢性骨病。

Metabolic bone disease of prematurity（MBDP） is a defined disorder of diminished bone mineralization that is often observed in very low birth weight infants.The disease can result in rickets or fractures of ribs and long bones.MBDP has a complex etiology,which includes inadequate intake or metabolism of calcium,phosphorus,vitamin D and protein.The most important risk factor for developing MBDP is prematurity.The risk of MBDP is inversely related to gestational age and birth weight.Diagnosis has been based on criteria that include clinical signs,radiologic findings,biochemical markers,measurement of bone mineral content.Improvements in nutritional management and proper mechanical stimulation can limit MBDP.