再论转喻的修辞功能

Reconsidering the Rhetorical Effects of Metonymy

传统修辞学对转喻修辞功能的研究比较简单,而认知语言学在转喻研究中比较注重概念连通的心理机制方面的问题,对转喻的修辞功能并不关心。转喻修辞效力的产生一方面与源域或源域表达语的选择以及语境有关,但更为重要的是源自受话人开放的联想。传统修辞学与认知语言学只看到转喻源域与目标域之间的一一对应的关系,但具有修辞效力的转喻更应该理解成是一种一对多的开放式联想关系。这种联想越丰富,修辞效力往往越强;而如果这种联想受到束缚,修辞效力就会退减甚至消失。通过再论转喻的修辞功能,我们希望借认知语言学的研究成果来重新审视转喻的修辞功能,以获得对转喻修辞功能更为全面、深入的理解。

The research on metonymy＇ s rhetoric effects in the field of traditional rhetoric has been simple, and it has not been a major concern in cognitive linguistics. It is generally believed that the rhetoric effects of metonymy are derived from the choice of metonymic source or metonymic expression and the proper use of context, but what is more important should be what we call the ＂open-ended association＂. Traditional rhetoric and cognitive linguistics set their eyes on the ＂one-to-one＂ relationship between the source and target of metonymy, while the more important factor should be a ＂one-to-many＂ relationship. When such association triggered by the source abounds, the rhetoric effects will be more impressive; when the association is constrained, the rhetoric effects will gradually be lost. By reconsidering the rhetoric effects of metonymy in light of the development of modern cognitive linguistics, we intend to bring about a more valid and more comprehensive picture of the focused issue.