抗菌肽活性及天然抗菌肽的改造

Activities of antimicrobial peptides and the reconstruction of the natural antimicrobial peptides

抗菌肽具有抗菌谱广、热稳定性强、分子量小及免疫原性小等特点,其杀菌机制独特,病原菌不易产生耐药性,有望开发成新一代肽类抗生素。本文主要综述了影响抗菌肽生物活性的生化性质,即螺旋度、疏水性、两亲性、正电荷数等,并从结构的角度论述了其对抗菌肽抑菌活性的影响。部分抗菌肽具有空间结构不稳定、溶血活性等缺点,限制了其临床应用。因此,对天然抗菌肽的改造也成为目前抗菌肽的研究热点,本文还综述了天然抗菌肽的改造方法。

Natural antimicrobial peptides with the features of broad antibacterial spectrum,high thermal stability,small immunogenicity and molecular weight,are expected to develop into a new generation of peptide antibiotics because of their unique bactericidal mechanism and difficulty to produce drug resistance.The effects of biochemistry character,including helicity,hydrophobicity,amphipathic property and positive charge,of antimicrobial peptides on their biological activity were reviewed in this paper and the relationship between the antibacterial activities and the structure was also discussed.Some natural antimicrobial peptides have defects such as space structure instability and hemolytic activity,which limits their clinical application.Therefore,structural modification of natural peptides has become a hot topic,and some methods for the remodeling of natural antimicrobial peptides were introduced in this paper.