广州市蔬菜重金属污染状况及健康风险评估

Contents of heavy metal in vegetables and their potential risks to human health in Guangzhou city

目的为了了解广东省广州市本地产蔬菜中重金属的污染状况,评价重金属经蔬菜途径摄入的健康风险。方法对广州市5个地区的10种蔬菜50个样品的砷、汞、铅、镉元素含量进行测定,采用国家卫生标准限值评价蔬菜重金属污染状况,并参照国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）给出的限定值为标准,对蔬菜重金属进行健康风险评价。结果 Hg、Cd和Pb为广州市本土蔬菜的主要污染元素,超标率分别为50%、50%和30%,叶菜类蔬菜重金属综合污染程度轻度污染的占20%;根茎类和瓜茄类蔬菜污染级别属安全和警戒级;广州市蔬菜中重金属污染的健康危害平均个人年风险（a-1）分别为：化学致癌物As=1.98×10-7~8.86×10-7,Cd=2.69×10-6~3.64×10-6;化学非致癌物Pb=2.38×10-7~4.44×10-7,Hg=3.06×10-6~7.01×10-6,致癌化学物质和非致癌化学物质的联合作用水平达到8.33×10-6~1.59×10-5,均低于国际放射防护委员会ICPR标准。结论广州市居民经本土蔬菜途径摄入重金属的人体健康风险较低,不会对暴露人群构成明显的危害。

Objective To investigate heavy metal contamination of vegetables and to assess its human health risk.Methods The contents of Cd,Hg,Pb,and As in 50 samples of 10 kinds of vegetable from Guangzhou were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） and assessed according to the national standards and standards of International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP）.Results Hg,Cd and As were the major heavy mental contaminants in the vegetables in Guangzhou.The standard-exceeding ratio of Pb,Hg,and Cd for the samples were 50%,50%,and 30%.The light pollution rate of leaf vegetables was 20%.The contaminations of rhizome vegetables and melons belonged to alert or safety level by comprehensive-factor pollution index method.The individual health risk of heavy metal pollution was lower than the standard of ICRP.Conclusion The health risk of heavy metal pollution in vegetable in Guangzhou city is relative low and there is no significant risk for the populations exposed.