城乡基本公共服务均等化标准的选择问题研究——基于政策敏感度和福利效果的比较分析

A Study on the Criterion Selection of Basic Public Service Equalization between Rural and Urban Areas——Comparative Analysis Based on Sensitivity and Welfare Effects of the Public Policy

关于基本公共服务要在城乡间实现怎样的均等这一问题,学术界提出了诸多不同的标准,本文针对其中最为常见和重要的三种——结果均等、福利均等和功利主义均等,进行了基于政策敏感度和福利效果的比较分析。通过构建考虑工业反哺农业、政府政策与居民行为之间存在互动关联的动态一般均衡模型和基于该模型的数值模拟,本文发现:城市化和工业反哺农业是工农业人均产出实现均衡的必要条件,但为保障国民经济的持续发展,工业对农业的反哺应有一定的限度;如果不考虑政策的制定和实施成本,则功利主义均等所对应的政策安排,无论是在政策敏感度还是在对城乡居民福利效果的比较分析中,均处于最优的位置。

On what kind of equality should be chosen by the Chinese government which wants to realize equalization of basic public service between rural and urban areas, the academe gives several kinds of equality as the criterion. In this paper, we use the way of numerical simulation based on a dynamic general equilibrium model which thinks of the mechanism of industry feeding agriculture in return and the interaction between public policy and the behavior of people, to compare three kinds of equality which are respectively based on the equality of resource, the equality of welfare and the utilitarian equality. The result is, industry feeding agriculture in return and urbanization is the essential condition of the equalization between agricultural and industrial output per capita, and the government should balance the scale of the industry feeding agriculture in return in order to ensure the persistent growth of national economy. Without regard to the cost of making and performing the policy, the utilitarian equality will be the best one based on the sensitivity and welfare effects analysis.