利益契合:转型期中国国家与社会关系的一个分析框架——以行业组织政策参与为案例

Interests Alignment:An analytical framework of the state and society relations in transitional China

通过对转型期中国国家与社会关系研究文献的批判性梳理,本文基于理性选择视角提出一个以"利益契合"为核心概念的分析框架,并以行业组织政策参与的比较案例予以验证。本文认为,国家与社会的利益契合程度决定了国家对社会组织选择支持还是限制,这与转型期国家的主导地位和较高的自由裁量权有关。新分析框架更强调国家在处理与社会组织关系中的策略性选择和低制度化程度,较之源自于西方的理论概念(如公民社会理论、法团主义理论和治理理论)能更深入地揭示国家与社会组织互动关系的实质,同时也是对本土理论(如分类控制理论)的拓展与修正。

Through critical evaluations of researches on the state and society relationsin transitional China,this article proposes an analytical framework centered on theconcept of'interest alignment'from the rational choice perspective,and tests it withcomparative case studies of policy participation by industry associations.It arguesthat the degree of interests alignment between the state and society determines whether the state supports or restricts societal organizations,and attributes this to the dominance of the state and its relatively high discretionary power in transitional China.The new analytical framework puts more emphasis on strategic choices by the stateand low degrees of institutionalization of how the state handles its relations with thesociety.It reveals the nature of the interactions between the state and society betterthan theories originating from the West,and it also expands and modifies native theories such as graduated control.