城乡结合部的空间生产与黑色集群——广州M垃圾猪场的案例研究

Production of Space and The Black Cluster in The Urban-rural Frontier: A Case Study of M Garbage Pig Farm in Guangzhou City

空间的生产是当今西方的主流社会理论之一,也在逐渐成为解释中国城市空间开发现象的有效工具。但是,目前国内对空间生产理论的运用主要集中于资本和政府作用下的"强"空间生产。通过对广州M垃圾猪场的案例研究,探讨了制度结构和社会行动等宏微观要素对城乡结合部空间生产的综合作用,并展示了一个由农村进城移民所发起的"弱"空间生产案例。农村进城移民通过积极的区位战略、社会经营网络的营造实现了空间的占据和空间的生产,其背后则折射了户籍、土地、卫生等诸多转型期的制度漏洞。空间生产的结果是一个以农村进城移民为主体的产业和生活单元,即黑色集群的形成,该集群具有非正规乃至非法特征,在城市管理者的制度挤压下呈现发展的不稳定性。研究结果表明,对此类空间的治理必须首先基于综合的理解,而不是取缔或粗暴管制。

＂Garbage pigs＂,also named as ＂swill-pigs＂,are mainly raised with food waste in the urban-rural fringe,which is confined for the health problems.This paper gives some structured social spatial descriptions of how the farmers occupied the place and how the farm operated through semi-structured interviews and discourse analyses of M garbage pig farm in Tianhe District,Guangzhou,China.To have a better understanding of this phenomenon,the authors apply the theories of ＇production of space＇,which concerns the space as socially constructed by the capital flow,political power and social movements.We explain this phenomenon mainly from the micro-perspectives of ＇production of space＇,which is still underdeveloped in current researches and focuses on the weak social forces and peripheral regions of spatial production.Two processes of production of space are identified,named as territerialization and delocalization.The former is operated mainly through the selection and reconstruction of the secret and low-cost spatiality,during which this place is formed into an Ano-Tulou（similar to the structure of Tulou,a Hakka style castle） structure and self-reproduction landscapes owing to the social cooperation and self-organization;the latter is supported by the local social network and production association.The production chains are embedded in the social network,which facilitates the improvement of spatial mobility and also fuels the opposition movement and spatial occupation.Finally the pig farm becomes an undergrounded,illegal,dirty,secret and informal black cluster as a construct not only of the social action but also the institutional backgrounds such as the land use system,the Hukou system and sanitary surveillance.It is different from the existing concepts such as informal sector,urban village,ethnic enclave,gated community or migrant enclave.We conclude that the garbage pig farm in Guangzhou is a product of famers＇ adaptive process of territerialization and scalar delocalization under the pressure of institutions and through the social actions including diverse micro-politics in M garbage pig farm,so it is hardly possible to evict the farmers just through violent erasion.