地级以上城市土地利用结构特征及影响因素差异分析

Characteristics and Driving Factors of Urban Land Use Structure of Cities at Provincial Level and Above

根据2007年地级以上城市的土地和社会经济数据,采用比较法、模型法和主成分法,分析其土地利用结构特征及影响因素。结果发现:①不同规模城市的居住用地、公共设施用地、工业用地、道路广场用地和绿地的比例差距明显,而仓储用地、对外交通用地、市政公用设施用地和特殊用地的比例差异较小;②随城市规模增大,居住用地、公共设施用地、工业用地比、道路广场用地的比例符合《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》(GBJ137-90)(以下简称《标准》)、《城市公共设施规划规范》(GB50442-2008)(以下简称《规范》)的程度呈上升趋势;③居住用地比例超出《标准》上限城市较多,且城市规模越小,超标比例越高;④中等规模以上城市的公共设施用地比例偏低,而中小城市公共设施用地比例偏高;⑤特大城市中工业用地比例超标城市数量较多,而中小城市低于《标准》下限的较多;⑥随城市规模增大,道路广场用地比例低于《标准》下限的城市所占比例降低;⑦地级以上城市中至少有1/3城市绿地比例不及《标准》下限;⑧城市规模越大,土地利用的多样化程度越高,土地利用类型越齐全,且土地利用结构多样性指数高的城市呈集聚状,呈现"群"状特点,土地利用结构均衡度递增,但优势度趋减;⑨经济因素、产业结构、交通设施水平和城市人口是影响土地利用结构的主要因素,但对不同规模城市的影响次序不同。

According to the land and socio-economic data of cities at provincial level and above in 2007,using the methods of comparison model and principal component analysis,this paper analyses the characteristics and driving factors of urban land use structure.The results showed： 1） the difference of the proportion of residential land,commercial land and public facilities space,industrial land,road and green space is large,but that of the proportion of warehouse,transportation,municipal utilities is small;2） with the increasing of city size,the proportion of residential land,commercial land and public facilities space,industrial land and road rise consistenting with the Chinese standard and specification;3） the cities of residential proportion does not conform to standard mainly beyond the standard cap cities,and the smaller city size,the more serious exceeding the Classification of Land-use and Standards of Urban Construction Land（Standard for short）;4） the cities with low commercial land and public facilities space are with medium sizes above,but it is high in medium and small cities;5） the proportion of industrial land mainly exceeds the ＂Standard＂ in megalopolis,while the cities of industrial land proportion lower than the ＂Standard＂ are mainly with medium and small sizes;6） as city size increases,cities with lower proportion of road and green space than the ＂Standard＂ decreases;7） the proportion of green space is less than ＂Standard ＂limit at least 1/3 cities at prefecture level and above in China;8） the larger the city size,the higher the diversification and the more complete of land use;9） the cities with higher land use diversity index take on the form of agglomeration;10） as city size increases,the bigger the equilibrium degree,the lower the dominance degree;11） the main driving factors of urban land use structure are economic factors,industrial structure,transportion facilities level and urban population,however,the impact order and impact degree on cities withdifferent sizes are different.