成瘾人群的决策障碍：研究范式与神经机制

Research Paradigms and Neural Mechanisms for Decision-making Deficits in Addicts

药物成瘾者和赌博成瘾者常常偏好即刻的奖赏而忽视将来的消极结果。在进行决策任务时,他们倾向于做出不利的选择,偏好短时的获益而不顾长期的损失,这是一种决策障碍的表现。延迟折扣任务(DDT)、爱荷华赌博任务(IGT)和剑桥赌博任务(CGT)是研究决策障碍的三种常用方法和范式,分别考察成瘾人群的冲动性决策、决策短视和决策时的冒险行为。近十几年来的研究表明,前额叶皮层(PFC)在人类的决策活动中起重要作用。其中,腹内侧前额叶(VMPFC)、眶额叶(OFC)、背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)等皮层的功能变化与成瘾人群的决策障碍有密切关系。

Drug addicts and pathological gamblers usually prefer immediate reward and ignore the future consequences. They are inclined to choose the bad options those bring immediate gains but long-term losses, which implies a kind of decision-making deficits. The Delay Discounting Task （DDT）, the Iowa Gambling Task （IGT） and the Cambridge Gamble Task （CGT） are mainly three typical research paradigms and methods on decision -making deficits including impulsivity, myopia and risk-taking in addicts. Studies in recent years have demonstrated that the prefrontal cortex （PFC） plays an important role in human decision-making, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex （VMPFC）, the orbitofrontal cortex （OFC） and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC）. Future directions in this area are introduced and anticipated.