清末及民国时期北京地区举办运动会的初步研究

The Preliminary Studies on the Sports Games in Beijing during the Period of Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

清末及民国时期,北京曾举办了京师官立六学堂联合运动会、第2届全国运动会、华北运动会、华北球类运动会、华北都市交欢体育大会、北京三校运动会等多次运动会。运动会的开展作为社会生活的一个方面,是北京地区体育发展的见证,也是北京历史的见证。与此同时,它们也展现了近代中国体育发展的一个侧影。将这些运动会按规模分为全国性运动会、华北地区性运动会、北京地区性运动会及学校及机关单位运动会四大类,从这些运动会的背景、项目、赛制、成绩等方面进行了较为全面的介绍和分析。通过对这些运动会的初步研究可以看到,这一时期社会观念的转变及政治局势的动荡影响着体育事业的发展。近代体育事业的发展也在激发爱国热情、解放封建思想等方面影响着近代社会的历史变迁。

During the period of late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Beijing once held many sports games, such as the Consociation Sports Games of Six Capital Official Schools , the Second National Sports Games, the North China Sports Games, the North China Ball Games, the North China City Consociation Athletics Conference, and Beijing three-school sports games. As an aspect of social activities, these sports games are not only the witness of the de- velopment of athletics in Beijing, but also the witness of the history of Beijing. At the same time, they reflect the development of physical culture in modern China as well. This paper, di- viding the sports games into national sports games, sports games held in northern China, sports games held in Beijing and sports games held by schools and government institutions according to their scales, makes a thorough introduction and analysis of these sports games on their back- ground, events, system and results. From the preliminary research on these sports games, we can see the influence of the changing of social idea and the turbulence of political situation on the development of physical culture at that time. And the development of modern physical cul- ture also affects the history progress of modern society such as arouse patriotic passion and e- mancipate from feudalistic ideas.