P物质及其受体的研究进展

Substance P and its receptor research in progress

神经肽P物质（sP）是速激肽家族的重要成员，通过与其受体相结合发挥生物学作用。P物质和其偏嗜性受体神经激肽受体-1（NK1R）广泛分布在中枢和外周神经系统及周围组织，sP通过与G蛋白耦联的受体相互作用调控多种功能。目前在mRNA水平和蛋白水平所发现的人NK1R只有两种：由5个外显子组成全长型受体（NK1R—FL）和C-末端缺乏96个氨基酸残基的截短型受体（NK1R—Tr），SP通过与NK1R—Tr或NK1R—FL的相互作用在中枢和外周神经系统及周围组织产生不同的生物学效应。

The neuropeptide substance P （SP） is an important member of the tachykinin receptor family, it exert its biological action through transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. SP and its preferential ligands neurokinin-1 receptor （NK1R） are abundantly expressed in central and peripheral nervous system. Neuropeptides, including Tachykinins are molecular messengers that regulate muhiple functions in the central and periphery nervons systems via G-protein-coupled ＂receptors. Two naturally occurring NK1R a ‘classic＇ fulllength receptor （NK1R-FL） and a truncated （NK1R-Tr） mediate the effects of SP. The human NK1R gene is divided into five exons, allowing the generation of multiple splice variants. The only splice variant identified in human tissues at mRNA and protein level is the isoform which lacks 96 amino acid residues at the C-terminus. SP exerts different effect by coupling NK1R-FL and NK1R-Tr on central and peripheral nervous system.