小儿支原体肺炎56例临床分析

Clinical analysis of pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia on 56 cases

目的：研究小儿支原体肺炎的临床特点,提高诊断与治疗水平。方法：回顾性分析我院儿科56例支原体肺炎患儿的临床资料,分析患儿的临床特点,总结诊治经验。结果：①0~3岁患儿20例,占全部患儿的35.7%。②婴幼儿肺部体征明显,常伴有喘息,呼吸困难;年长儿肺部体征轻,X线胸片阴影明显;部分患儿合并胸腔积液,肺不张。③有肺外合并症22例（39.1%）,心血管、泌尿、消化、血液、神经系统均可受累。④应用阿奇霉素有效。结论：小儿支原体肺炎多见于较大儿童,但婴幼儿感染不容忽视,各年龄段患儿临床症状侧重各不相同,并可累及肺外多系统多器官损害。年长儿应警惕合并胸腔积液、肺不张。临床应用大环内酯类抗生素治疗效果好。

Objective： To study the clinical characteristics of pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia to improve the diagnosis and treatment.Methods： Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of mycoplasma pneumonia patients of 56 cases,to analyze clinical features and summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment.Results： ①20 patients were 0-3 years old,accounting for 35.7%.②The pulmonary symptoms of infant were obvious,with gasp and dyspnoea;the pulmonary symptoms of older patients were not obvious,but their chest shadow was vague by X ray exam;the pulmonary complications of a few patients were pleural effusion and pulmonary atelectasis.③22 cases had extra pulmonary complications（39.1%）;cardiovascular,urinary,digestive,circulatory,nervous system might be injured.④Azithromycin could achieve good efficacy.Conclusion： Mycoplasma pneumonia is usual in older children,but the infection of infants should not be ignored too,patients of all ages focus on different clinical symptoms,and involve extra pulmonary multi-system involvement and multiple organs to damage them.Older children should be alert to pleural effusion and pulmonary atelectasis.Macrolide antibiotic can achieve good efficacy.