基于RS的区域植被景观格局研究

Research on Regional Vegetation Landscape by Remote Sensing

遥感影像以其覆盖范围广、信息量大、更新快等特点,在环境监测方面得到了广泛的应用。该研究应用遥感技术,以1979年和2005年的Landsat TM影像为数据源,采用归一化植被指数和改进的像元二分模型,对北京市门头沟区的植被覆盖进行了监测,结果表明该区植被覆盖总体呈下降趋势。在此基础上,结合当地基础地理信息数据,利用GIS技术和生态景观指标分析方法,对植被变化进行了景观生态学评价,结果表明植被覆盖的景观破碎度急剧增加,景观生态质量下降显著;2005年的景观及各植被覆盖景观类型被边界切割程度及其破碎化程度均高于1979年,且景观尺度上的斑块形状更为复杂,由于斑块形状及分维数受地形、地貌、其他自然及人为因素的影响,地形地貌等自然因素相对固定,因此,影响景观斑块形状及其分维数的因素主要来自人为因素。

In recent years,remote sensing images have been widely used in ecological environment monitoring with its wide scope,large amount of information,rapid update rate.Two TM images of 1979 and 2005 were selected as the data source,based on normalized difference vegetation index and improved pixel binary model,using remote sensing technology,the vegetation coverage of the Mentougou District were calculated.The results showed that the vegetation coverage has downward trend.Then the landscape ecology characteristics of the changes were studied by using GIS technology and ecological landscape indicators.The results indicated that the fragmentation of the vegetation coverage increased rapidly,the quality of landscape ecology declined sharply.In 2005,the landscape fragmentation cut by the boundary was higher than 1979,and it＇s patch shape on the landscape scale is more complex too,the reason mainly from human activities.