基于最大熵原理的炸药能量和感度评价及应用

Energy and Sensitivity Evaluation of Explosives and Their Applications Based on Maximum Entropy Theory

为对炸药的能量和感度进行准确把握,以最大熵作为评价标准建立了炸药能量和感度的评价方法。结果显示,不敏感单质炸药性能均衡性优于高能炸药,由此推断出炸药能量和安全性之间存在相互转化关系。将此评价方法应用于混合炸药配方设计可获得能量和感度更加均衡的配方,结果显示,以NQ作为RDX、HMX的钝感剂可使能量和感度的均衡性获得明显改善。最后以RDX/NQ/TNT-25.5/34.5/40配方制备试样进行爆速和枪击感度测试,实验结果显示试样相对国内现有梯黑炸药能量仅略微降低,但安全性能明显改善,证明本配方设计方法的可行性。

Energy and sensitivity are important performances of explosive which need to be carefully studied and accurately measured; therefore an energy and sensitivity evaluation method of explosives based on maximum entropy theory is created. The information related to energy and sensitivity of explosives is collected with statistical method and the entropy is calculated, the maximum entropy explosive is made as the most balanced one. The evaluation results indicate that the insensitive explosives are more balance than the energetic explosives in evaluation objects, the relationship between energy and safety of explosive is deduced from the evaluation results. The evaluation method is applied to formulation design in order to get the explosive formulation that is more balance in term of these two performances, the results show that NQ can become a good insensitizcr for RDX and HMX. At last, a sample of RDX/NQ/TNT-25.5/34.5/ 40 formulation is prepared and the detonation velocity and rifle shooting sensitivity are tested, experimental results indicate that sample＇s detonation velocity only reduces a little bit however it is much more insensitive compared with TNT/RDX explosives, it is proved that the proposed formulation design method is feasible.