梵净山不同居群鸡爪黄连叶片表皮结构比较研究

Comparative Study of Leaf Epidemic Structure of Coptis chinensis in Different Communities in Fangjingshan Natural Reserve

为探究生境对鸡爪黄连生长的影响,为野生鸡爪黄连引种栽培提供参考,利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对梵净山7个居群鸡爪黄连的上、下表皮结构特征进行观察比较,并在光学显微镜下测量上、下表皮细胞的数目、气孔器的大小、表皮毛的长度和基部宽度,对气孔密度、气孔指数等进行比较分析。结果表明:梵净山7个居群鸡爪黄连的叶片有许多共同特征:表皮细胞均具波浪状垂周壁;表皮毛均为单细胞毛类型,仅分布于上表皮,且都在叶脉及小脉上;气孔器卵圆形、或长圆形,外拱盖平滑,均属于无副卫细胞环绕型,保卫细胞呈肾形;气孔器均随机分布于下表皮,气孔排列具有一定的方向性,即保卫细胞的长轴与叶脉平行。不同居群叶片微结构仅在于表皮细胞大小、气孔数量、大小和表皮毛数量等有细微差异。

Both the upper and lower epidermal features of the leaves of Coptis chinensis in 7 communities in Fanjingshan Natural Reserve were studied under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope（SEM） to explore the effect of habitat situation on the growth of C.chinensis,and provide references for introducing and cultivation of wild C.chinensis.The number of upper and lower epidermal cells,stomatal apparatus size,length of epidermal hair and width of its base,stomatal density,and stomatal index were measured and comparatively analyzed under optical microscope.The results showed that there were many common features on leaves of C.chinensis in the 7 communities.All the leaf epidermal cells had wavy anticlinal walls.Epidermal hairs usually distributed in the veins,usually single type,and only in the upper epidermis.The shapes of stomatal apparatus were oval or long circle,stomatal ledges were smooth,without subsidiary cells,guard cells were reniform.The stomata were randomly distributed at lower epidermis and had directionality（long axis of guard cell was parallel with vein）.There were nuance in the size of epidermal cells,numbers and size of stomata,numbers of epidermal hairs.