历史唯物主义与解释学

Historical Materialism and Hermeneutics

在解释学与哲学的现代发展中,出现了两种趋势,一是从狄尔泰开始的解释学的哲学化与哲学的解释学化,这是解释学的越界和哲学的唯心主义化;二是从伽达默尔开始的解释学的主观主义化。伽达默尔的哲学解释学及由此发展而来的"后现代主义"解释学,是当代的主流解释学,在上一世纪八九十年代开始对中国马克思主义运动发生重要影响,既有积极的一面,也有消极的一面。一些马克思主义研究者从哲学解释学的主观主义解释学立场出发来反思对马克思历史唯物主义的理解,从哲学解释学的唯心主义历史观立场出发来反思社会历史问题,有意无意地消解、否定马克思的历史唯物主义。为了防止对马克思的历史唯物主义的消解、否定,必须以历史唯物主义为指导重建解释学,用正确的解释学观点来反思对马克思主义的理解,同时要把解释学和哲学区别开来,反对把历史唯物主义解释学化,不是在解释学的视野而是在历史唯物主义的视野中反思社会历史问题。

There are two trends in contemporary development of philosophy and hermeneutics： one is the philosophization of hermeneutics and transforming philosophy into hermeneutics,which was created by Dilthey,consequently,philosophy was idealized and hermeneutics was beyond its limit.The other is the subjectification of hermeneutics.These two trends are of much more influence on Chinese Marxism studies.Some scholars try to reflect on the explanations of Marxist historical materialism from the standpoint of subjective hermeneutics.When they do so,they deconstruct and deny Marxian historical materialism consciously or unconsciously.In order to prevent the deconstruction or refusal of Marxist principles,it is necessary to construct correct hermeneutics under the supervision of historical materialism.