论巴赫金狂欢生成体裁改良主义文体进化观

On the Bakhtin's Style Evolution Idea Which New Style Is Made by the Mixture of Carnival of Man and Style by the Reformism Way

文体指文学作品的体裁、体式的规范,文体既有稳定性,也有变异性。文体的生成和进化的动力是错综复杂的。巴赫金是诗学大师,也是文体学大家。他是一个具有改良主义品格的文体改革家,既主张狂欢生成体裁,承认文体的革命性和变异性,也强调文体的稳定性和继承性。他的文体进化观产生于特殊的历史语境中,正是受到了政治生活的压抑和已有文体的压迫,他才高度重视狂欢理论与对话理论,认为对话和狂欢都具有生成体裁的意义,特别是狂欢是一种特殊的文学形式的一般感受。人的狂欢与文体的狂欢都源于人、社会和文体都具有的追求自由的天性和革命的潜能。巴赫金的理论有助于当下中国的文学自律和文体自觉的建设。

Style means the literature kind and literature rule with confirmed and changeable character.The power of making and evolution of style is complex.Bakhtin is not only the most important poetic theorist but also the stylistics theorist who paid more attention to reform of literature style in the 20th century.He admitted that style which has revolution character and changeable character as well as stable character and history character can be made by carnival.Living in a special times and be controlled by politic power,he attached importance to dialogism theory and carnival theory.Carnival is a general sense of a specific literary form.It is very useful for making new style.The evolution of style works under the power of carnival of style and man and society which have special character of loving freedom and revolution.Bakhtin＇s stylistics evolution theory is useful stylistic building of the Modern Chinese Literature,especially building the order of literature and the principle of style.