煤矸石山不同植被恢复模式对土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响

Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns in Gangue Pile on soil erosion and nutrient loss

针对煤矸石山复垦地水土流失严重的问题,在山西阳煤集团三矿280煤矸石山坡面上选取7种植被恢复模式,以裸地为对照,设置水土流失试验样方,观测不同植被恢复模式对土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响。结果表明:与裸地相比,不同植被恢复模式均对矸石山坡面土壤侵蚀和养分流失具有明显控制效果;下坡段的乔灌混交模式防治坡面侵蚀的作用优于上坡段的草本和灌木;减少水土流失的效果上坡段为荆条>紫花苜蓿>沙打旺>草木樨,下坡段为刺槐+柠条、刺槐+荆条和榆树+紫穗槐,但这3种植被模式对减少水土流失的差异不显著;通过偏相关分析,影响养分流失的因素依次为土壤侵蚀量>径流量>坡度>坡长;不同植被恢复模式对煤矸石风化物中速效养分质量系数也具有明显的影响。

To solve the serious problem of soil erosion in the gangue pile land,seven types of vegetation restoration were selected from the slope surface of 280 coal-gangue piles belonging to the No.3 Shanxi Yangquan coal group.The bare land was taken as control.We observe the effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on soil erosion and nutrient loss on the erosion experiment plots set in the study area.The results showed that compared with the bare land,all restoration patterns played positive effect in the control of soil erosion and nutrient loss in the gangue pile land.The effects of mixed tree and shrub in the downhill section were better than those of the herbs and shrubs.In the uphill sections,the order of the effects in the reduction of soil erosion were given as follows： Vitex negundoMedicagoSativaAstragalus adsurgensMelilotus suaveolens Ledeb,while in the downward slope,there were not significant difference among mixed plantation of Robinia pseudoacacia L and Caragana intermedia,mixed plantation of Caragana korshinskii and Robinia pseudoacacia,mixed plantation of Vitex negundo,Ulmus pumila and Amorpha fruticosa.By parital correlation analysis,the effects of restoration on nutrient losses were expressed as tha amount of eroded soilrunoffslope degreethe length of slope.Different restoration pattern also have significant effects on available nutrient content of weathered gangue pile.