枣庄市部分高血压患者家庭环境状况及血压波动情况调查

Survey on Family Environments and Blood Pressure Fluctuations among Hypertension Patients in Zaozhuang City

[目的]了解高血压患者的家庭环境状况及血压动态波动情况,以便寻找对策。[方法]2009年3月至2010年11月,在枣庄市18个社区卫生服务中心(站)抽取病历资料详尽完整且1～3个月内血压波动的1 833例高血压患者进行家庭一般情况、家庭生活周期、家庭功能、家庭结构、家庭资源、病人的行为等方面的调查。[结果]调查1 833例,男性970例,女性863例;年龄49.81±8.11岁;高血压分级为I级432例,Ⅱ级737例,Ⅲ级664例;患高血压15.17±1.67年;收缩压波动10～19、20～29、30～39、40～49、50～59、60～69、70～79、≥80 mmHg的分别占11.78%、22.09%、19.15%、14.73%、16.26%、8.40%、5.89%、1.47%,舒张压波动0、1～9、10～19、20～29、30～39、40～49 mmHg的分别占1.69%、13.58%、45.66%、32.41%、5.89%、0.76%。调查的438个家庭中,孩子离家创业期占38.13%,空巢期占44.98%,老年期占16.21%;家庭功能良好的占48.17%,轻中等功能障碍的占47.03%,严重功能障碍的占4.79%;核心家庭的占55.93%,扩展家庭占44.06%;家庭沟通良好的占31.74%,沟通不良的占50.46%,沟通障碍的占25.57%;家庭资源,调查438个家庭中,家庭成员为病人提供的钱物支持良好的占13.01%,中等的占40.64%;家庭参与对病人健康和精神维护、支持良好的占45.21%,中等的占40.64%;为病人提供和安排医疗照顾好的占71.00%;为患者提供医疗保健信息和健康教育的占71.23%。调查1 833例,参加新农合及医疗保险的占88.99%;喜欢高盐饮食的占66.99%,喜欢高糖饮食的占21.00%,喜欢高脂饮食的占53.85%,睡眠充足、质量好的占21.05%,吸烟者占44.03%,饮酒者占33.99%;完全遵医者占37.97%;存在个性问题的占3.87%,情绪不稳、易怒者占78.01%,情绪低落、抑郁者占10.97%。[结论]高血压患者血压波动较大,一定程度上受到家庭环境因素的不利影响。

[Objective]To understand the family environments and dynamic blood pressure fluctuations among hypertension patients,so as to find countermeasures.[Methods]In March 2009-November 2010,1 833 cases with detailed complete records of 18 community health service centers（stations）were sampled,and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out on 1-3 month blood pressure fluctuations of hypertension patients families in terms of general situation,family life cycle,family functions,family structures,family resources,and the patient＇s behaviors,etc.[Results]In 1 833 surveyed,including 970 men and 863 women,with the average age of 49.81±8.11.Level I-432 people,levelⅡ-737 people,level Ⅲ-664 people;time of being sick-15.17±1.67 years;systolic blood pressure fluctuation-10-19,20-29,30-39,40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79,and ≥80 mmHg 11.78%,22.09%,19.15%,14.73%,16.26%,8.40%,5.89%,and 1.47%;diastolic pressure fluctuation-0.1-9,10-19,20-29,30-39,and 40-49 mmHg respectively 1.69%,13.58%,45.66%,32.41%,5.89%,and 0.76%.Of the surveyed families,38.13% home entrepreneurship period with children out,44.98% empty nester period,16.21% old-age period;families with good function（48.17%）,families with light medium dysfunction（47.03%）,families with serious dysfunction（4.79%）;55.93% core family,44.06% extended family family communication：31.74% good,50.46% bad and 25.57% barriers.Of the surveyed 438 families,families providing good ferret（48.17%）,common ferret（40.64%）;feelings of family：45.21% good,40.64% medium good;familes providing good medical care（71.00%）;families providing health care and education（71.23%）.Of the surveyed 1 833 patiets,88.99% participating in new farming and medical insurance;66.99% liking high salt diet;21.00% liking high-sugar diet;53.85% liking a high-fat diet;21.05% having sufficient good sleep;44.03% smokers;33.99% drinkers;37.97% completely following the doctors＇advice;3.87% patients with the problems of personality,78.01% moody and irritable,10.97% depressed.[Conclusion]Family environments greatly influence patients＇ blood pressure fluctuations.