2008年安阳市装修居室室内空气污染与入住居民不良反应发生情况调查

Investigation on Indoor Air Pollution and Dwellers' Adverse Reaction in Anyang City,2008

[目的]了解装修居室室内空气污染状况和居民入住后的不良症状,为防治室内空气污染对居民健康的危害提供有效的防控手段。[方法]2008年7～10月,在安阳市某小区抽取部分新装修居室,对室内空气质量进行检测,对居民入住后的健康状况及相关卫生知识进行调查。[结果]检测居室625间,甲醛超标率为72.80%,苯超标率为7.04%,甲苯超标率为13.28%,二甲苯超标率为10.56%。调查528人,73.11%入住新居后有不同程度的不良反应。不良反应发生率,入住1、3、6、12、>12个月的分别为82.69%、76.23%、69.39%、46.67%、23.81%(P<0.01);装修后3、6、12、>12个月的分别为86.52%、85.20%、68.33%、30.16%(P<0.01);相关卫生知识知晓率<50%者为39.96%,≥50%的为60.04%(P<0.01)。[结论]居室装修造成室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯污染,居民入住后出现不良反应,随着时间的推延,空气污染程度和居民不良反应发生率逐渐下降。

[Objective]To study indoor air pollution and the dwellers＇ adverse reaction in indoor decoration,and supply effective preventive measures for the hazards to human health.[Methods]By random sampling method,the newly decorated rooms were selected for indoor air quality test,the dwellers＇ adverse reaction and health knowledge level in July-October,2008.[Results]Among 625 rooms,the concentration of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene and dimethylbenzene was exceeding the national standard in 72.80%,7.04%,13.28%,and 10.56%.Among 528 dwellers,the dwellers＇ adverse reaction was 73.11%.Living in the rooms within 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months,the rate of adverse reaction was 82.69%,76.23%,69.39%,46.67%,and 23.81%（P0.01）.Decorated rooms after 3 months,6 months,12 months,and 12 months,the rate of adverse reaction was 86.52%,85.20%,68.33%,and 30.16%（P0.01）.The awareness rate of related knowledge in 50% was 39.96%,and in 50% was 60.04%（P0.01）.[Conclusion]The decorated rooms cause the indoor air pollution from formaldehyde,benzene,toluene and dimethylbenzene,and the dwellers＇ adverse reaction.With time going on,the rate of exceeding standard limit of pollutions and the dwellers＇ adverse reactions will gradually drop off.