北京市房山区儿童水痘自然免疫现状横断面调查

A cross-sectional study on natural immune status of varicella among children in Fangshan district,Beijing

目的掌握北京市房山区儿童水痘自然免疫现状,为今后有效开展水痘预防与控制提供流行病学依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,选取有代表性的1～14岁健康儿童作为研究对象,进行问卷调查和血样采集,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清水痘IgG抗体。结果 648名儿童水痘抗体阳性率为44.1%;抗体阳性率在不同性别、户籍间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),在不同年龄和地区间儿童水痘抗体阳性率差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),3～5岁年龄组、山区儿童水痘抗体阳性率最低,分别为30.6%和34.4%。结论该地区儿童水痘抗体阳性率偏低,尚不能形成有效的免疫屏障,山区和3～5岁儿童是重点保护地区和人群,需采取有效措施加强这一薄弱环节的水痘预防管理与控制工作。

Objective To know natural immune status of varicella among children in Fangshan,Beijing to provide epidemiological evidence for its effective prevention and control. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample comprised of healthy children aged 1 ～ 14 years,with standardized structured questionnaire. Blood specimen were collected and serum varicella IgG antibody was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ ELISA）. Results Positive rate of varicella IgG antibody was 44. 1 percent among 648 healthy children,with no significant difference either between boys and girls,or between children in varied household registers （ P 0. 05）,while with significant difference between varied age groups and living areas （P 0. 05）,lowest in children aged 3 ～ 5 years （30. 6% ） and living in mountainous areas （34. 4% ）. Conclusion Positive rate of varicella IgG antibody is low in children living in mountainous areas,where no effective immune barrier for varicella is formed,especially in children aged 3 ～ 5 years. It is necessary to implement effective measures for varicella prevention and control to protect these children.