论王国维戏剧史论中的诗学思想——以《宋元戏剧史》为中心

A Research on Poetic Thoughts in the Historical Treatises of Wang Guowei's Drama——Focused on The History of Dramas in Song and Yuan Dynasty

王国维在《宋元戏剧史》中拈出"意境"一词,以之论宋元戏剧之美。"意境"多适用于中国古典诗词论范畴,王国维以之论戏剧,既有提高宋元戏剧文学史地位之意,更有以诗学思想贯通戏剧理论之念。学界对"意境"多有争议,但基本观点偏重于情景交融、虚实相生、形神兼备的艺术境界。王国维以"意境"论宋元戏剧,重在阐发宋元戏剧情景真挚、语言质朴、通俗自然等内容,其慧眼独具发现了宋元戏剧中的"意境"之美,从而奠定了宋元戏剧在中国文学史上的独特地位。

Wang Guowei used the word imagery in The History of Dramas in Song and Yuan Dynasty,to describe the beauty of dramas in the two dynasties.Imagery was usually used in Chinese classic verses.The reason that Wang Guowei used the word in drama treatise was not only to promote the status of history of drama literature in Song and Yuan dynasties,but also to adopt poetic thoughts in drama theories.There are disputes about the defination of imagery in academic world,but most people tended to agree that it＇s an artistic condition that combines emotion and scene,imagination and reality,as well as shape and content.The aim that Wang Guowei used imagery in comment on dramas of Song and Yuan dynasties,was mainly to show the sincere,unsophisticated,and natural content of the dramas in the two dynasties.His comments presented the beauty of imagery,and brought the dramas in Song and Tang dynasties to a distinguished place.