中国对外直接投资发展与动态比较优势增进研究——基于企业家才能拓展的视角

China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment Development and the Dynamic Comparative Advantage Enhancement——Based on Perspectives of Entrepreneurs' Ability Expansion

在全球化中,我国为了迎接日趋激烈的国际市场竞争,必须更好地发挥自己的比较优势。但仅凭劳动力等初级要素参与国际分工难以避免面临"低端锁定"、落入"比较利益陷阱"的不利局面,而对外直接投资的发展有助于我国提升以"know-how"为主要知识结构的企业家才能,并通过二者的良性互动实现生产要素在全球范围的配置优化,重新布局产业价值链的生产经营环节,增进动态比较优势。本文揭示了中国企业基于对外直接投资形成的动态比较优势可通过企业家才能的拓展而具有"双重性"、"互补协同性"、"内生性"的特征,从而使该优势的增进可持续。这一新视角可为比较优势理论增添新的内涵,增强其现实解释力,从而为全球化中我国扭转参与国际分工的不利地位、提升开放经济的质量提供有益思路。

With the pace of globalization,China must exert the better competitive advantage in order to meet an increasingly fierce international market competition.However,there's a risk of 'low-locked in' if we only rely on primary factor of production such as labor force etc.to participate in international division of labor.If we want to avoid the 'the trap of competitive advantage',we need to highly concern about a hidden precious resource ——the potential of entrepreneurs.While,the development of Outward Foreign Direct Investment(hereinafter referred to as OFDI) can help China improve entrepreneurs' ability who use 'know-how' as the main knowledge structure,what is more,through the positive interaction between OFDI and entrepreneurs,it can also achieve factors of production's optimum distribution in world-wide,then re-build the industrial value chain of production and management,improve the dynamic competitive advantage.This thesis revealed that the characteristics of dynamic comparative advantage are 'duality' 、'complementary and cooperative','endogenous',as a result of this,it is sustainable.This new perspective can develop the depth of competitive advantage theory,empower its explanatory of reality,provide a helpful thought of change our country's disadvantageous position in international division of labor and improve the quality of open economy.