“意会知识言传化”的哲学解读--以科学语境为例

Philosophically Profound Comprehension on Explicitness of Tacit Knowledge——Taking Scientific Context as Example

理想的意会知识言传化,不仅使听者获得与言者对同一事物大致相同的理解,而且可能促使听者根据自身经验对言传内容产生新的认识。其重要特征"不可充分言传性"表明:一方面,意会知识言传化是思维与语言结合的产物,语言无法尽言思维,正常思维者具有相对稳定的认知模式,这种模式规范着思维方式和言传方式;另一方面,聆听往往不是对全部言传内容而是着重对言传要点的把握。"意会知识如何言传"的主要难点表现为言者对文本言传与文本本身意义之间的涵盖问题、听者对言传内容的理解问题等。在科学语境,主要通过明确表达与隐喻方式言传意会知识。当然,意会知识难言性也存在于专业共同体内部及共同体之间。

Ideal explicitness of tacit knowledge make listener get new understand based on self-experience as well as make listener's understand similar with speaker about same things.Important character of explicitness of tacit knowledge is 'under explicitness',on the one hand,explicitness of tacit knowledge is integration of thought and language,speaker's language may not express absolutely his thought,person who can think properly have relatively stable cognitive model,and this cognitive model standardizes way of thinking and speaking,on the other hand,listening have much more of a focus on kernel content about explicitness instead of every detail about what speaker say.Major difficulties about explicitness of tacit knowledge are that containment between what speaker say about text content and text itself meaning,and listener's understand about text content,and so on.This article take an example on scientific context as a case study,explicitness of tacit knowledge is through mainly explicit presentation and metaphor expression in scientific context,certainly,tacit knowledge is difficult to say when it occurs in specialized community and between specialized communities.