社会排斥视角下移民问题研究:理论发展与欧洲实践

Research on European Immigrants From a Social Exclusion Perspective

20世纪80年代以来无论是走向统一的欧盟还是正在加速进入城市化和工业化轨道的中国,都经历着大规模的人口迁移,并引起广泛的学术界讨论。已有的研究对人口迁移的动因、方向、迁移的人口学特征、劳动力市场重组等问题进行了详尽的阐述;然而关于迁移人口的社会排斥问题分析还较少。本文系统地回顾了关于人口迁移与社会排斥的研究,以期对我国内部迁移的研究提供新的研究视野。本文主要分为四个部分。第一部分回顾欧盟人口迁移的历史背景以及移民危机的产生;第二部分提出迁移背景下的社会排斥问题;第三部分从劳动力市场和福利国家两个角度分析了迁移人口社会排斥的机制与特点;最后一部分是结论和启示。

Since the 1980s,both China and European countries have been experiencing massive population movement,which arouses extensive academic discussion.The existing studies elaborate comprehensively on the reasons,orientations,demographical characteristics and performance of the migrants in the labour market,while research on the social exclusion/inclusion among immigrants was quite few.This paper is a review of migration and social exclusion among European countries.It is expected to provide some insights on studying social exclusion of rural-to-urban migrants in contemporary China.The article firstly reviews the migration flows in Europe after the Second World War,and then lists the major social exclusion debates in the literatures.The paper then analyzes the mechanism and characteristics of social exclusion among immigrants.The aspects of labour market and welfare state are elaborated.The major findings are summarized at the end of the paper.