贵州油茶桑寄生种类及发生规律研究初报

Preliminary Study on the Types and Occurrence Regularity of Mistletoe of Camellia oleifera in Guizhou

油茶桑寄生是能够寄生在油茶植株上的所有桑寄生亚科植物的总称。通过对黔东南州、铜仁地区、黔西南州的16个油茶主产县调查,初步发现贵州油茶桑寄生有5属6种;贵州油茶桑寄生的发生,与纬度关系密切。从总体调查情况看:从锦屏县与黎平县交界的新华乡、高屯镇,向西经三都、平塘、罗甸、望谟、册亨至广西斜线以南的带状区域,为贵州省油茶桑寄生的高发区,越往南寄生越重。在此区域内油茶桑寄生是影响油茶产量的关键因子之一,是油茶植物寄生中的重点防控种类;油茶桑寄生的海拔分布从170米～1300米均有。但在同一区域内,海拔低的地点,油茶桑寄生的寄生率高于海拔高的地点。在贵州省,油茶桑寄生高发区域具有较好的水热条件,往往是油茶的高产区域,因此,油茶桑寄生可以作为油茶生产区划的重要指示植物。

The Camellia oleifera mistletoe is floorboard of the subfamily plant in Loranthaceae which parasitize in the Camellia oleifera plant. Through investing 16 main producing areas in the southeast of Guizhou, Tongren district, the southwest of Guizhou, the south of Guizhou, the author preliminarily discovered 5 generic and 6 species of Camellia oleifera mistletoe in Guizhou. The sasanqua mistletoe happened which had close relations with latitude. In the total investigation situation： the belt region from the Xinhua country and Gaotun town, through Sandu, Pingtang, Luodian, Wangmo, Ceheng county to the south of Guangxi province was the higher occasion region. The nearer we go to the south, the more serious the situation will be. In this region, sasanqua mistletoe is one of the key factor effecting the Camellia oleifera yields, and it is the main prevention and control variety. The Camellia oleifera mistletoe grow in these regions that the altitude is from 170m to 1300m. But in the same region, the parasitism rate in the low altitude is higher than ones in the high altitud had excellent hydrothermal condition can regard as the important indication Guizhou province, the morphogenetic fields of Camellia oleifera mistletoe it is the high manufacturing location. So, the Camellia oleifera mistletoe ts regionalizing the Camellia oleifera production area.