汉字阅读障碍患儿临床特点的研究

A study on clinical features in children with reading disability of Chinese character

目的 探讨汉字阅读障碍患儿的临床特点。方法 运用《修订后阅读测验》、自制病史调查表及Ａｃｈｅｎｂａｃｈ 儿童行为量表对４０ 例阅读障碍患儿和８０ 例正常儿童进行对照研究。结果 病例组患儿智商和阅读成绩均低于对照组（ｔ 分别为５．８８９、１５．３１７，Ｐ＜０．００１） ；病例组患儿在单字（ 词）的辨认及发音、朗读、阅读理解中出现各种问题的次数均多于对照组（ Ｐ均＜ ０．０５） ；病例组合并语言发育问题、拼音学习困难、书写问题、多动的比率均高于对照组（ Ｐ均＜０ ．０５）；起病时间与症状严重程度呈负相关（ｒｓ′＝ －０．６０１，Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论 汉字阅读障碍中阅读技能的损害涉及阅读中各个环节；起病越早，症状越重；患儿容易合并语言发育问题、拼音学习困难、书写问题和多动。

Objective To study the clinical features in children with reading disability of Chinese characters.Methods A case control study was conducted in 40 reading disabled children and 80 normal controls.The revised reading test,disease history questionnaire and achenbach behavior checklist for children were used for the assessment.Results The intelligence quotient and reading achievement of children with reading disability were lower than those of normal controls ( t =5 889 and 15 317,respectively, P <0 001).The difficulties in recognition,pronunciation of character,oral reading and comprehension occurred more frequently in patients than in controls ( P <0 05). More reading disabled children had hyperactivity and difficulties in language development,study of Chinese phonetic spelling symbols and writing difficulties ( P<0 05 ).The time of onset was inversely related to the severity of the disease (r s′=-0 601, P <0 01).Conclusion The impairment involved all processes of reading in children with reading disability.The more severe the disease was,the earlier it occured.More reading disabled children had hyperactivity and difficulties problems in language development,study of Chinese phonetic spelling symbols and writing.