橡胶树内珠被培养研究进展

Advances in Study on Inner Integument Culture of Hevea brasiliensis

橡胶树自根幼态无性系是20世纪70年代末培育的新型种植材料,集中了实生苗和芽接苗的优点,具有生长快、产量高、茎干圆锥度大的特点,极有可能取代芽接苗成为第3代种植材料.内珠被培养是获得自根幼态无性系的重要手段,可经初级体胚发生或持续体胚发生再生植株.初级体胚/微繁植株长势好、产量高,但再生频率低;持续体胚发生再生频率高,但体胚/微繁植株变异、感病、产量低.利用持续体胚发生体系进行了超低温保存和遗传转化研究,均取得了成功.

Self-rooting juvenile clone in Hevea brasiliensis was a new kind of planting material which was es-tablished in the late 1970s,combined the merits of seedlings and budded clones,and had a characteristic of fast-growing,high yield,large conical angle,was very likely to replace the budded clones as the third genera-tion of planting material.Inner integument culture was the important approach to obtain self-rooting juvenile clone,regenerating plants by primary somatic embryogenesis and maintained somatic embryogenesis.Plants re-generated by primary embryos or microcutting grew more vigorously,produced higher rubber yield than the con-trol,but showing low regeneration frequency;maintained somatic embryogenesis had high regeneration fre-quency,but regenerated/microcutting plants were abnormal,showing that they have poorer performance in growth,yield and disease resistance than the mature budded control.Researches on using maintained somatic embryogenesis on cryopreservation and genetic transformation was succeeded.