生产力、阶级与国家:马克思制度变迁的机理分析

Productivity,Class and State:Marx on Institutional Change

马克思的历史唯物主义是一种探究人类社会演变规律和制度变迁动因的博大精深的思想体系,简言之,它是一种关于制度变迁的理论。而马克思是借助生产力、阶级和国家这三个相互衔接的基本概念和理论脉络,揭示人类社会制度变迁的内在机理的。其中,生产力是制度变迁的根本动力,阶级是制度变迁的直接动力,国家是制度变迁的核心内容。正是这三者较为完整地解释了马克思的"生产力——生产关系——经济基础——上层建筑"的制度变迁的逻辑链条。

Historical materialism is one of the two major discoveries in the lifetime of Marx.And it is a theory about institutional change.In Marx＇s view,the logic chain of institutional change is from the productivity to the relations of production,to the economic base and then to the superstructure.Not only that,Marx also explains the logic chain of institutional change by three interconnected basic concepts and theories.Specifically,productivity is the radical motivation of institutional change,and then class is the direct one.And the core part of institutional change is state.