黄土丘陵沟壑区农户生态产业系统经营模式评价

Evaluation on the management mode for household eco-industry system in loess hilly and gully region

以黄土丘陵沟壑区的典型流域——甘肃省定西市巉口镇龙滩流域为对象,采用系统抽样与随机抽样、一般调查与重点调查相结合的研究方法,应用组分优势度、结构优势度和复合生态系统稳定性指数等综合分析指标,对黄土丘陵沟壑区农户生态产业系统的结构现状及其经营模式进行评价研究.结果表明:2007和2009年度,流域内高收入家庭占调查总户数的比例分别为6%和21%,中等收入家庭分别为18%和30%,低收入家庭分别为76%和49%,整体而言流域农户家庭收入属于中等偏低水平;高收入农户生态产业系统经营模式为劳务输出+特色种植;中等收入农户系统经营模式为劳务输出+特色种植+养殖;低收入农户系统经营模式为劳务输出+传统种植+养殖;从生态、经济及可持续发展等方面综合分析,劳务输出+特色种植+养殖业可以作为目前该区域农户生态产业系统较为合理的经营模式;改变农户生态产业系统原有单一经营模式,发展复合经营模式,将对黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域生态环境的改善和经济的可持续发展产生直接而积极的促进作用.

A typical river basin of loess hilly and gully region,Zhenlongtan basin in Chankou County,Dingxi City,Gansu Province,was taken as research object,a combination of sampling and random sampling as well as common investigation and key investigation were adopted in this research,meanwhile,the dominance and ecosystem stability index were used for comprehensive analysis,thus,the structure and management mode of the household eco-industrial system in loess hilly and gully region were investigated and evaluated.The results were as follows： The percentages of the high,middle and low income level household in 2007 were 6 %,18 % and 76 %,respectively,while in 2009 were 21 %,30 % and 49 %,respectively.Most household income was at low to intermediate level;The management mode of high,middle and low income household were labor export ＋ characteristic planting,labor export ＋ characteristic planting ＋ breeding industry,and labor export ＋ traditional planting ＋ breeding industry,repectively.Based on the comprehensive analysis on ecology,economy and sustainable development,it was found that at present the optimum management mode was labor export ＋ characteristic planting ＋ breeding industry in household eco-industrial system;Changing the former and single management mode in household eco-industrial system,developing compound management mode would have direct and active effects on promoting the sustainable development of ecology and economy at small watershed in loess hilly and gully region.