3种测量三棱镜折射率方法的对比

Comparing of Three Prism Refractive Index Measuring Methods

为了提高实验效率,并找一种更加简捷的测量三棱镜折射率方法,对垂直底边入射法进行了研究,并和传统的最小偏向角法和全反射法进行了比较。垂直底边入射法让入射光线垂直于三棱镜顶角的临边入射,通过测量出射角度间接测量三棱镜折射率。比较了3种方法操作的简繁程度、测量数据的准确性和结果不确定度。实验结果表明,垂直底边入射法的操作较之传统方法更加简便,数据和最小偏向角法的结果符合很好,数据准确性次于最小偏向角法。最小偏向角法在数据的准确性方面优于其他两种方法,全反射法的不确定度明显高于其他2种测量方法。采用垂直底边入射法可以有效地达到简化测量三棱镜折射率的目的。

A new method（measuring deflection angle with normal incidence of light at bottom edge of prism） was studied to improve the efficiency of measuring the refractive index of prism.The new method measures the deflection angle with normal incidence of light at bottom edge of prism to calculate the refractive index of prism.The new method was compared with the traditional methods（measuring minimum deflection angle and measuring deflection angle with total light reflection in prism） in the ways of operation complexity,measurement result accuracy and measurement result uncertainty.The experimenal result shows that the new method is simpler in operation than the traditional methods,and the measurement result is consistent with the result of the minimum deflection angle method.The minimum deflection angle method has the best result in measurement result accuracy and measurement result uncertainty with the new method only next to it.The total reflection method has higher measurement result uncertainty comparing to the other two.Using the new method can achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of measurement.