注意缺陷多动障碍儿童厌恶延迟研究

Study on the delay aversion in childreh with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童动机水平的延迟厌恶功能特征。【方法】运用两种选择延迟任务对100名ADHD儿童及对照组儿童分别进行延迟厌恶测试,采用多变量方差分析/协方差分析进行统计。【结果】总体发现,两组儿童在延迟厌恶功能上差异有统计学意义(P=0.009),单因素方差分析显示ADHD组儿童在选择延迟任务1中选择等待30 s后得到"2分"的圆的次数明显少于对照组儿童,而选择等待2 s后等到"1分"的圆的次数明显多于对照组儿童(P=0.013),其反应时也明显长于后者(P=0.027),控制FIQ协方差分析结果显示差异仍具有统计学意义,表明ADHD儿童倾向于选择等待时间短而得分低的任务;在选择延迟任务2中两组儿童之间无显著性差异。【结论】ADHD儿童存在明显的延迟厌恶;延迟厌恶可能是ADHD的发病机制之一。

【Objective】 To determine the characteristics in motivational domain of delay aversion in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）.【Methods】 One hundred children with ADHD and 100 healthy controls matched in age,gender,grade,handedness were measured with neuropsychological tests concerning the domain of delay aversion（i.e,choice delay tasks）.The performance was compared using multivariate analysis of variance（MANOVA） and MACOVA with FIQ controlled for between two groups.【Results】 The omnibus MANOVA of the primary neuropsychological variables revealed a large group effect with P=0.009.The ANOVAs of each test showed that children with ADHD preferred choosing one-point circle with 2-second delayed reward to two-point circle with 30-second delayed reward（P=0.013） than healthy controls and the reaction time was longer（P=0.027）in choice delay task 1.The results remainded unchanged arter controlling for FIQ.The results indicated that children with ADHD had a behavioural tendency of greater preference for smaller-immediate over larger-delayed rewards.There were no significant difference between ADHD group and healthy controls in CDT2.【Conclusions】 There are significant delay aversion in children with ADHD.Delay aversin may be a causal mechanism associated with ADHD.