长蛸繁殖行为与胚胎发育的初步观察

The reproductive action and embryonic development of octopus Octopus variabilis

对人工养殖条件下长蛸Octopus variabilis的繁殖行为和胚胎发育进行了初步观察。结果表明：长蛸营底栖生活,以活体的蟹、贝、虾类等为主食,夜间或傍晚摄食活动加强;繁殖季节,雌、雄个体间存在交配行为,临产时雌体较为平静,产卵后一般不进食,卵子分批成熟,分批产出,受精卵较为分散地悬挂于池壁或附着基上,雌体具有护卵行为;人工养殖条件下亲蛸不能全部产出其所怀的卵,产卵量为25~54粒,单位体质量产卵量为0.8~1.3粒/g,亲蛸产卵时的最小体质量为36.2 g;受精卵行盘状卵裂,直接发生,胚胎发育经过卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、器官芽形成期、红珠期、黑珠期和胚胎的逆转,在水温为19~25℃、盐度为32~34时,胚胎经过66 d孵化出膜。

The reproductive action and embryonic development of cultured octopus Octopus variabilis were observed.It was found that the octopus as a benthic animal fed primarily on living animals such as crab,shellfish,and shrimp more actively at night and at dusk.Females mated with males in the reproductive season and became calm before spawned.After spawned,generally the females did not feed,and the matured eggs were released in batches and were suspended on the pool wall separately or attached to the attachments.The females took care of the eggs,but not released all of the eggs under culture conditions,the fecundity ranging from 25 to 54 eggs individually,or about 0.8-1.3 eggs/g.The females spawned had the minimal body weight of 32.6 g,and the embryonic development of the octopus can be divided into cleavage stage（disc cleavage）,blastula stage,gastrula stage,imaginal disc formation stage,red eye stage,black eye stage and embryo converses stage,lasted for 66 days in sea water before hatching at water temperature of 19-25 ℃ and a salinity of 32-34.