二氧化碳储存技术

Carbon Dioxide Storage Technology

由于温室气体的减排已成为国家经济发展的重大问题,各国科学家都在探求减少CO2直接排入大气的对策,提出地质存埋CO2是一项可行的技术方法;另一方面,高纯度的CO2具有较高的民用和工业价值,不仅在油气田开采方面得到良好的发展和应用,在化工、食品、冶金、医疗卫生等方面也具有广阔的用途。由于消费市场分散,因此需要将处理好的符合行业使用规范的CO2储存起来以备所需。介绍了目前几种用于大规模储存CO2的方法,即地下储存技术、储罐储存技术、液化储存(储液站)技术和固态存储技术。讨论了这四种储存技术的基本原理和存储工艺,对其优缺点进行了比较。其中,前三种存储方法发展较快,工艺技术不断趋于成熟,而固态存储技术由于经济性不高而并未被广泛使用。通过对现有的大规模CO2储存技术进行总结和对比,提出了今后该技术的发展方向和研究重点。

Carbon dioxide is not only largely applied in oil and gas field development,and also widely applied in such industries as chemistry,food,metallurgy,medical treatment and public health,etc.Due to the consumer market scattered,it is necessary to store carbon dioxide which has been treated according to requirements in relative standards and specifiactions.Introduced are basic principles and advantages and disadvantages of several methods currently adopted for largely storing carbon dioxide: stored underground,stored in tank,stored after liquidation,and put forward is main content on carbon dioxide storage technology for further research in the future.