学习成绩差与成绩好学生短时记忆特点的比较研究

RESEARCHES ON THE PERFORMANCES IN SHORT-TERM MEMORIES OF CHILDREN WITH GOODAND POOR SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTS

本研究比较了小学１、３、５年级学习成绩好／差学生在图片、数字、词汇记忆上的特点。结果表明：（１）在图片记忆上，两组儿童的成绩没有差异。１、３年级优差生间的差异主要在数字与具体词汇记忆中;５年级两组学生的差异主要在数字与抽象词汇记忆中。（２）从提示／非提示及击中虚假刺激的结果看，两组儿童在记忆上的差异部分地是由于策略运用上的差异。经过提示，学习不良儿童在数字和词汇记忆上的成绩有了提高。

There were three types of memory tasks in thestudy, i.e. picture tasks, number tasks, and wordtasks. 100 primary school first-, third-, and fifthgraders were asked to memorize 12 target stimuli eachtime, and then they were asked to recognize thesestimuli from 24 stimuli. Half of the children werepupils with good school performance and the other halfwith poor school performance. The main resultsshowed: 1)There were no differences between the twogroups in picture tasks; but significant differenceswere found in the other two tasks. 2) Children withPoor school performance recognized better in numberand word tasks (excepting picture tasks) after theywere trained to use the strategies ; but the other groupof children failed to do so.