个人信息权及其欧盟保护

Individual Information Rights and EU Protection

个人信息权是指自然人依法对以数据电文形式存在的可识别的个人信息所享有的支配、控制并排除他人侵害的权利,大体上从属于人格权范畴,与传统人格权相比较又表现出相对的个性特征。目前个人信息侵权形式主要表现包括ISP对个人信息的非法使用和传播、未经授权搜集利用他人信息、专门的网络窥探和调查业务以及公权力机关工作人员及公共服务单位非法出卖泄露个人信息等。由于目前国内个人信息权侵权与保护相关立法相对缺位,因而从欧盟个人信息保护的立法演进开始,介绍欧盟以《资料保护指令》为代表的系统保护经验,从而推动和促进我国相关立法的发展。

Individual information right refers to the fact that natural persons have the right to allocate and control identifiable personal information which exists in the form of electronic data and exclude others＇infringement.Individual information right belongs to the scope of personal right while has its own features.At present the forms of individual information right infringement include ISP＇s illegal use and transmission of personal information,searching and using others＇information without authorization,specific sniffing and investigation and the illegal disclosure of personal information from the working personnel in the organs of state power and public service units.Due to the lack of legislation in the field of individual information right protection,this article tries to introduce Data Protection Directive in European Union with the purpose of accelerating and promoting the relevant legislation in China.