电磁轨道炮电磁力学分析

Analysis on Electromagnetic Mechanics in Electromagnetic Railgun

在矩形电枢与简单轨道的基础上建立了电磁轨道炮轨道和电枢上磁场扩散的二维有限元计算模型,模型没有考虑轨道与电枢的形变。分析了电枢运动引起的速度趋肤效应,随着轨道与电枢相对速率的增加,磁场、电流的趋肤效应越明显,当速度大于1000m.s-1时,磁场和电流集中分布在轨道内表面与电枢后表面附近很小的区域,继续增大相对速率不会使磁场分布发生明显变化。采用ANSYS软件计算了静态复杂电枢结构情形下轨道电枢上的磁场和电流分布,U形电枢结构对于抑制电枢与轨道交界处磁场、电流的过分集中有明显的改善作用。

Based on rectangle armature and simple rail,2D finite element calculation model was established to solve the diffusion problems of current and magnetic field in electromagnetic railgun.The model did not take account of the deformation of rail and armature.The velocity skin effect resulted from armature movement was analysed.With the increase of relative rate of rail and armature,the velocity skin effect of magnetic field and current were more obvious.When the velocity is more than 1 000m·s-1,magnetic field and current concentrated to distribute in very small area on the inner surface of rail and back surface of armature.The continuing increase of relative rate did not make magnetic field distribution to change obviously.The magnetic field and current distribution under condition of static and complex armature structure were calculated by use of ANSYS software,and U shape armature structure showed to have evident improving effect for eliminating excessive concentration of magnetic field and current near the interface of rail and armature.