论环保部门在环境民事公益诉讼中的作用——起诉主体的正当性、可行性和合理性分析

Study on the Function of Environmental Protection Department in Enviromment Civil Public Interest Litigation ——An Analysis on the Legitimacy,Feasibility and Rationality as Subject of Litigation

环境公益诉讼可分为公众性环境公益诉讼和公共性环境公益诉讼两大基本类型,环保部门可作为原告提起旨在预防和救济对"环境本身的损害"的公共性环境民事公益诉讼。从可行性看,环保部门提起环境公益诉讼,有着国际上可资借鉴的成功经验,具有现行的法律依据和司法实践体验。环保部门务必对其提起公益诉讼的活动进行合理限制和科学设计,譬如务必以已经履行了环境监管的法定职责为前提条件,一般应作为第二顺位原告等。

Environmental public interest litigation can be categorized into public ones and communal ones.The environmental protection departments may initiate a communal environmental public interest litigation aiming at preventing and remedying the ＂damage to the environment per se＂ as a plaintiff.This kind of litigation is legitimate in that the environmental right theory and public trust theory have laid for it the theoretical basis,and the present functional defects in the respect of environmental jurisdiction and administrative power call for systematic basis.Compared to citizenship and social organization,comparable superiority of the prosecutorial department in the field of its professional proficiency and legal status provides it with its realistic position.As to the feasibility of the environmental public interest litigation successful experience of other countries can be referencial.This article deems it is essential to reasonably limit and scientifically design the environmental public interest litigation initiated by the environmental Protection Departments.